万学海文2008年全国研究生入学统一考试全真英语模拟试题
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word （s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
Obesity, or fatness, has become a global epidemic affecting the lives and health of millions of people. Over half the adult population are now overweight in major countries, and the obesity rate is rising sharply for adults and children 1 during the 1990s. Of particular 2 is childhood obesity. The few studies 3 among Australian children suggest that the obesity rate has doubled in recent years.
The 4 human and social cost is enormous. In financial terms, the health costs of obesity and its many related diseases have been estimated to be some $830 million a year in Australia. An 5 $500 million is spent on weight reduction programs. However, such statistics cannot 6 the effects of obesity, be they moderate or serious, 7 the quality of life and the impact of premature deaths 8 with obesity.
When it comes to explaining these trends, not only media reports, but many scientific articles have simplified the causes, often contributing them to a 9 of fast food, increasing car ownership and a 10 lifestyle in front of TV or computer monitors. In the media, 11 , obesity is typically characterized as an eating disorder or merely an individual problem. Similarly, some scientific articles focus entirely on over-eating and 12 of exercise.
13 , such generalizations are often backed by little proved data. Some studies have found that children obesity is 14 related to the hours of television viewed, but other studies have failed to establish such a 15 . Furthermore, these observations 16 the economic and social 17 forces 18 the changes in diet and lifestyle, and the intense pressures caused by increasing working hours and 19 living standards for the majority of working people. In general, such simplistic approaches serve to 20 the underlying social causes.
1. A. like
B. unlike
C. likely
D. alike
2. A. problem
B. significance
C. concern
D. reason
3. A. led
B. conducted
C. found
D. researched
4. A. causing
B. resulting
C. resulted
D. originating
5. A. adding
B. excessive
C. additional
D. extra
6. A. convey
B. find
C. uncover
D. relate
7. A. in
B. with
C. for
D. on
8. A. related
B. associated
C. concerned
D. dealt
9. A. combination
B. result
C. consequence
D. function
10. A. stationary
B. stationery
C. active
D. casual
11. A. however
B. nevertheless
C. for instance
D. therefore
12. A. sufficiency
B. habit
C. fear
D. lack
13. A. However
B. Therefore
C. Consequently
D. Particularly
14. A. not
B. indirectly
C. directly
D. hardly
15. A. conclusion
B. correlation
C. relative
D. assumption
16. A. ignore
B. highlight
C. detect
D. discover
17. A. working
B. initiating
C. driving
D. evolving
18. A. with
B. for
C. behind
D. to
19. A. improving
B. increasing
C. developing
D. declining
20. A. obscure
B. clarify
C. interpret
D. mix
Read the following text. Choose the best word （s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
Obesity, or fatness, has become a global epidemic affecting the lives and health of millions of people. Over half the adult population are now overweight in major countries, and the obesity rate is rising sharply for adults and children 1 during the 1990s. Of particular 2 is childhood obesity. The few studies 3 among Australian children suggest that the obesity rate has doubled in recent years.
The 4 human and social cost is enormous. In financial terms, the health costs of obesity and its many related diseases have been estimated to be some $830 million a year in Australia. An 5 $500 million is spent on weight reduction programs. However, such statistics cannot 6 the effects of obesity, be they moderate or serious, 7 the quality of life and the impact of premature deaths 8 with obesity.
When it comes to explaining these trends, not only media reports, but many scientific articles have simplified the causes, often contributing them to a 9 of fast food, increasing car ownership and a 10 lifestyle in front of TV or computer monitors. In the media, 11 , obesity is typically characterized as an eating disorder or merely an individual problem. Similarly, some scientific articles focus entirely on over-eating and 12 of exercise.
13 , such generalizations are often backed by little proved data. Some studies have found that children obesity is 14 related to the hours of television viewed, but other studies have failed to establish such a 15 . Furthermore, these observations 16 the economic and social 17 forces 18 the changes in diet and lifestyle, and the intense pressures caused by increasing working hours and 19 living standards for the majority of working people. In general, such simplistic approaches serve to 20 the underlying social causes.
1. A. like
B. unlike
C. likely
D. alike
2. A. problem
B. significance
C. concern
D. reason
3. A. led
B. conducted
C. found
D. researched
4. A. causing
B. resulting
C. resulted
D. originating
5. A. adding
B. excessive
C. additional
D. extra
6. A. convey
B. find
C. uncover
D. relate
7. A. in
B. with
C. for
D. on
8. A. related
B. associated
C. concerned
D. dealt
9. A. combination
B. result
C. consequence
D. function
10. A. stationary
B. stationery
C. active
D. casual
11. A. however
B. nevertheless
C. for instance
D. therefore
12. A. sufficiency
B. habit
C. fear
D. lack
13. A. However
B. Therefore
C. Consequently
D. Particularly
14. A. not
B. indirectly
C. directly
D. hardly
15. A. conclusion
B. correlation
C. relative
D. assumption
16. A. ignore
B. highlight
C. detect
D. discover
17. A. working
B. initiating
C. driving
D. evolving
18. A. with
B. for
C. behind
D. to
19. A. improving
B. increasing
C. developing
D. declining
20. A. obscure
B. clarify
C. interpret
D. mix
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.
“All I hear in higher education is brand, brand, brand,” said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations.” There has been a dramatic change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”
Not all efforts at name changes are successful or as fluid, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School.
Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of “brand architecture” and “identity systems”, the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos, banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School.” Of the “change”, Bob Kerrey, the university's president noted that his view was that you never argue with customers about what they expect, especially as it relates to the school’s name.
Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban states east of San Francisco.
The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.
Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women’s college, to promote its growth into a full –fledged university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the college’s old name on late-night television and “morning zoo” radio shows.
Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average student’s test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said.
“All I hear in higher education is brand, brand, brand,” said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations.” There has been a dramatic change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”
Not all efforts at name changes are successful or as fluid, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School.
Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of “brand architecture” and “identity systems”, the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos, banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School.” Of the “change”, Bob Kerrey, the university's president noted that his view was that you never argue with customers about what they expect, especially as it relates to the school’s name.
Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban states east of San Francisco.
The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.
Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women’s college, to promote its growth into a full –fledged university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the college’s old name on late-night television and “morning zoo” radio shows.
Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average student’s test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said.
0