做阅读理解时一方面要注意细节，不能凭印象做题；另一方面，选答案时不能仅仅根据个别细节与原文相似就下判断。这两个方面是导致失分的重要原因。如何克服这个问题呢？今天从主题与态度的把握方面来回答。
所有文章的主题，包括全文主题与段落主题都很重要，是做题的重要依据。我在本博客的另一篇文章（《考研阅读的最高境界（三）——考研阅读正确答案解码》）中指出：考研阅读问题的正确答案经常具有下列五大特征之中的一个或几个：
1． 特征一——内容：常与文章的主旨有关。
即经常涉及文章的中心思想。有的文章后面几个问题的正确答案都对应文章的主旨，因此，要注意正确表达了原文主旨的选项。例如，
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator, ” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too. ” she says.
……
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. (2004-3)
1. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means.
[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business
[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work
[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit
[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation
2. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused.
[C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.
3. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about.
[A] gold market [B] real estate
[C] stock exchange [D] venture investment
4. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?
[A] They would benefit in certain ways.
[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.
[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.
5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
[A] A new boom, on the horizon.
[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
[C] Caution all right, panic not.
[D] The more ventures, the more chances.
1．（D）未绝望 2．（A）乐观 4．（A）许多人会在某些方面获益 5．（C）谨慎点就行了，不必恐慌
其中第一、第二与第五的答案就是本文主题的不同说法，不过第一题是以例子引出主题，第二与第五题是概述主题。第四题针对末段，答案对应的是段落主题。
下面以2007年的第三篇阅读为例进一步说明从宏观上驾驭主题态度如何能提高做题的正确率。
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
……
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
1. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economies.
[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
2. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have
[A] a higher sense of security.
[B] less secured payments.
[C] less chance to invest.
[D] a guaranteed future.
3. According to the author, health-savings plans will
[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.
[B] popularize among the middle class.
[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.
[D] increase the families’ investment risk.
4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.
[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.
[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
5. Which of the following is the best title for this text?