除了寻找正确答案以外，有时需要避免选项中的陷阱。所以今天总结干扰选项的特征。
一、例证题
干扰选项特征：就事论事（以例子本身的细节为答案）
例如，
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.(2003-4)
The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that.
[A] medical resources are often wasted
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
[C] some treatments are too aggressive
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
二、推理题
干扰选项特征：推得过远（所得出的结论经过多步推理产生，无原文依据）
例如，
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?
[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
[B] More versions of IQ test are now available on the Internet.
[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.
问题是“关于智力测验，能从第三段推出什么”。C“针对成年人和儿童的智力测验的内容和形式可能不同”与原文第三段第二句对应：The test comes primarily in two forms, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version)，其中原文的括号中指出：智力测验的两种形式都有成人版和儿童版。既然如此，说明成年人的智力测验在内容和形式两方面与儿童可能不同，因此C为正确答案。注意：C选项中的format对应原文括号中的version。A“人们不再用智商分数反映智力水平”推得过远，因为段首仅说现在智商测验不如过去频繁，这不等于取消了智商测验。B“因特网上的智商测验版本比以前更多了”与原文“不同智商测验版本充斥了万维网”不符，因为选项中的比较是原文所没有提到的。
三、主旨题
干扰选项特征：细枝末节（以例子、细节做主题）
例如，
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
……
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original level. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
[A] management efficiency.
[B] biomass level.
[C] catch-size limits.
[D] technological application.
四、事实细节题
干扰选项特征：
1． 正反混淆（态度、有无与原文相反）
2． 无中生有（选项中的比较在原文无依据）
3． 扩大范围（选项去掉了原文的限制条件或修饰范围）
4． 因果倒置（两个事物在问题与选项中的因果关系与它们在原文的因果关系相反）
例如，
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, Why We Should, Like, Care. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper. (2005-4)